In Holland Kevelaer is know as a pilgrimage, as a depiction of Maria is honoured in the city. The Candle chapel (1645) is the oldest pilgrimage church of Kevelaer. The many processions that have been held here hold a rich history, as seen on the many coat-of-arms, pilgrimage candles, stained glass windows and votive shields. To this day the pilgrimage to this city is very much alive.
In 1923 the big pilgrimage church (built in 1858) was named a papal basilica. This church is devoted to the Assumption of Mary. Besides this particular church, Kevelaer also houses many other chapels.
Xanten (45 km)
Xanten is located at the Benden-Rijn in the German province Nordrhein-Westfalen. Here the Roman emperor Traian built the city “Colonia Ulpia Traiana” (C.U.T.) in the year 105. Together with the current city of Keulen, this was the biggest city in Neder-Germanie.
In the 2nd century a lot of veterans were located in this city. In the 3rd century the Roman city was for the most part destroyed. The city however was built back, on a smaller scale, in the same location and was stronger than ever. The beginning of the 5th century meant the end of the Roman empire.
Around the year 751 the religious society “ad sanctos” was founded, with the members living as monks. Next to this religios society a neighbourhood was started, named Xanten. The name comes from the meaning of “ad sanctos”, which stands for “with the holy”. In 1228 Xanten gained their city rights from the archbishop Von Molenark. Many buildings, including the big Dome in Xanten, were built with stones from the attacks on the city Colonia Ulpia Traiana.
The foundations of C.U.T. lay waiting under the fields and pastures, until interested villagers started a investigation into the Roman city in the 19th century. In 1879 the big bath house was localised and in 1935 the foundations of the amphitheatre were discovered. During the Second World War the old city part Xanten was heavily damaged, just as the Dome. Luckily they could later be restored.
Due to the upcoming industry and the reconstruction after the war the pastures and fields the digs to uncover the Roman foundations had to be speeded up. When new building were found the foundations would be registered, the size of the building noted, a small drawing made and photographed. Slowly massive building were found, bigger buildings than were ever thought of.
Later a proposal was made to turn the dig sites into a archaeological park and to proceed in discovering more and more, but to let the public in on it. In 1972 the first systematical digs started, which made way for the first reconstructions. In 1977 the first part of the park was opened for the public.
The current Archaeological Park Xanten contains approximately a litte under half of the Roman city. A section of the foundations still lies buried under the modern roads, houses and offices.
Sites to see in Xanten are the Archaeological Park Xanten, the Roman Museum, St. Victor’s Dome, the several churches and the Jewish Cemetery.
Roermond (50 km)
Roermond is a atmospheric city with a rich history. Roermond also used to be a Roman settlement on the river Roer. In 1231 Roermond gained it’s city rights, became capital of Opper-Gelre, became a Hanseatic town and therefore was a important trade center. In 1559 the city became the bishop's residence, which lasted until 1798 but was reinstated in 1853.
Roermond is full of nice churches, cathedrals, convents and monuments. For instance the Saint Christoffel cathedral (1410) on the market square or the town hall built in 1700. Roermond’s city centre is also a good place for shopping. Through a pedestrian tunnel you can also reach the “Designer Outlet”, just outside the city walls. If that doesn’t fancy you, Roermond is also known for it’s water recreation (for instance the Maasplassen).